Genetic evolution and spatio-temporal transmission analysis of the Chinese infectious bronchitis virus
FAN Wensheng1,LIU Sijia1,QIU Shenben1,HUANG Aifang1,WANG Yan1,LIU Minfang1,MEI Minmin1,CHEN Xinliang1,WEI Ping2*,MO Meilan2*
(1.College of Animal Science and Technology,Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and Trade,Guangzhou 510430,Guangdong,China;2.College of Animal Science and Technology,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China)
Abstract:【Objective】In order to explore the rules of the genetic variation and spatio-temporal transmission of the Chinese IBV isolates,all the sequences of N gene from GenBank database were downloaded.
【Methods】Bioinformatic software including MEGA 6.0,RDP 4.95,SimPlot 3.5.1,BEAST v1.10.4,jmodeltest 2.1.7,Tracer v1.7.1,TempEst v1.5.1,FigTree v1.4.3 and SpreaD3 v0.9.7 were respectively used to analyze the characteristics of phylogenetic tree,recombination events,origin,population dynamics and spatio- temporal transmission of the IBV isolates.
【Results】The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that a total of six genotypes were identified,and the LX4-type was the predominant genotype. The recombination analysis showed that recombination event was found in N gene in one of isolate from Sichuan province. The maximum clade credibility tree showed that the Chinese IBVs were most likely to be originated in Liaoning province in the early 1930s. Bayesian phylogeographic analyses indicated that multiple transmission routes and three epicenters in China were found, including the Northeastern Region (Heilongjiang,Liaoning,and Jilin),the Northern and Eastern Region(Hebei,Shandong,and Jiangsu)and the Southern Region(Guangxi and Guangdong). Shandong has been the source of spreads in China.
【Conclusion】Our study revealed that the IBVs' origin,transmission routes and a recombination event occurred in N gene in China,suggesting that it is necessary to continue to carry out the molecular epidemiology study and strengthen the analysis of the N gene of IBV.
Keywords:Infectious bronchitis virus;genetic variation;recombination;origin;spatial transmission
IBV容易发生基因重组,不仅可造成新变异株的出现而且可引起抗原位点的漂移和变换,导致免疫失败的发生。重组分析结果显示,1株2014年分离的四川IBV分离株ck/CH/SCYB/140913在N基因发生了重组(次亲本为Mass型毒株)。前期研究结果显示,该毒株在非结构蛋白区域和S基因亦发生了基因重组,且次亲本亦为 Mass 型毒株。因此,Mass型毒株(众多商品活毒疫苗株)参与基因重组的现象需引起我们足够的重视。Kuo 等基于台湾分离株N基因分析发现,台湾分离株N基因亦出现基因重组现象,重组不仅驱动了IBV种群进化导致新毒株种群的出现,而且增强了毒株的适应能力。因此,该四川分离株频繁的基因重组现象是否会导致其致病性的改变和免疫逃避现象的发生同样值得我们关注。
综上所述,基于 N 基因的分析结果表明国内IBV处于LX4型占优、多基因型并存的现状。基因重组分析结果显示,1株IBV毒株的N基因出现基因重组现象。国内IBV最可能起源于20世纪30年代初期的辽宁省。IBV 毒株在国内存在多条传播途径且山东省最可能成为国内 IBV 的毒株来源库。本研究结果有助于我们深入了解国内 IBV 流行毒株 N 基因的演化和时空传播动态,也为我国IBV流行毒株的防控提供了更有针对性的策略。