肉鸡养殖技术（5）——育成期

sipuruisy

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:144&#46;0pt;mso-char-indent-count:12&#46;0"><span style="font-size:12&#46;0pt;font-family:黑体">目的：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12&#46;0pt">
</span><span style="font-size:12&#46;0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">提供良好的环境，确保成活率、生长率和饲料转换率达到最高水平。</span><span style="font-size:12&#46;0pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12&#46;0pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span style="font-family:黑体">环境要求</span><span lang="EN-US">
·</span>从<span lang="EN-US">18</span>日龄到上市，温度最低应维持在<span lang="EN-US">18</span>－<st1:chmetcnv unitname="℃" sourcevalue="20" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US">20℃</span></st1:chmetcnv>。近期的研究表明当温度维持在<span lang="EN-US">22</span>－<st1:chmetcnv unitname="℃" sourcevalue="24" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US">24℃</span></st1:chmetcnv>时，饲料转换率可提高<span lang="EN-US">1</span>％以上。<span lang="EN-US">
·</span>肉鸡鸡舍适宜的通风有利于：<span lang="EN-US">
—</span>将多余的热量和湿气排出鸡舍。<span lang="EN-US">
—</span>在排出有害气体（如：氨气、二氧化碳、硫化氢）的同时，也将氧气带入舍内。<span lang="EN-US">
—</span>减少尘埃，提高空气质量。<span lang="EN-US">
—</span>提高鸡舍存栏能力。<span lang="EN-US">
—</span>延长舍内设备的使用寿命。<span lang="EN-US">
·</span>对饲养肉鸡来讲，通风是最不易管理的一个方面。通风不像饲喂和饮水系统那样仅需要定时定点的管理，通风需要持之以恒。通风量的大小关系到利润和亏损的差异。<span lang="EN-US">
·</span>在暑热气候条件下，热能蓄积是应最最关注的问题。<span lang="EN-US"> 20</span>，<span lang="EN-US">00</span>只<span lang="EN-US">7</span>周龄的鸡只每小时会给鸡舍增加<span lang="EN-US">600</span>，<span lang="EN-US">00BTU</span>（<span lang="EN-US">17&#46;6</span>千瓦）的热量。太阳光照通过屋顶和侧墙窗户开口进入鸡舍的热能又会增加<span lang="EN-US">150</span>，<span lang="EN-US">00BTU</span>（<span lang="EN-US">4&#46;4</span>千瓦）的热量。如果以上所有热量不被及时排出，舍内的温度将升高而导致鸡只死亡。为预防舍内热能积蓄，舍内必须通过排风扇或自然风进行空气交换，至少每分钟一次。<span lang="EN-US">
·</span>寒冷气候条件下与暑热气候条件下的通风目的绝非相同。冬季通风的目的在于将适量的新鲜空气带入舍内以控制湿气的蓄积，同时又要保持舍内鸡群本身和热源的热量。舍内的鸡只和其他的热源（鸡只是主要的制造者）将使舍内湿气不断增加。若通过正确的通风将垫料湿度管理得当，则空气中氨气、灰尘、氧气和二氧化碳含量很少出现问题；高床网上饲养能较好解决这个问题。<span lang="EN-US">
·</span>用于鸡舍内通风的风机基本上有两种：将空气带入舍内或将空气排出舍内。当风机将空气吹入舍内时，属正压通风系统；当使用排风扇将空气排出舍外时，属负压通风系统。负压通风是使鸡舍内形成一个低压区。舍外空气通过侧墙的缝隙和窗口进入舍内，以填补部分真空区。目前已证实，负压通风是用于鸡舍最有效的通风方式。<span lang="EN-US">
</span>注：确保风机正常运转：<span lang="EN-US">
—</span>保持风扇和叶窗清洁。<span lang="EN-US">
—</span>定期清洁安全网罩。<span lang="EN-US">
—</span>保持风机皮带紧固。</p><p><strong><span style="font-family:宋体">寒冷气候条件下的负压通风</span></strong><b><span lang="EN-US">

</span></b><span lang="EN-US">·</span>在寒冷的气候条件下，可通过保温加热系统，配合使用负压通风来获得适宜的环境条件。<span lang="EN-US">
·</span>负压通风系统应为每公斤活鸡体重，以每分钟<span lang="EN-US">0&#46;4</span>－<st1:chmetcnv unitname="立方英尺" sourcevalue="&#46;6" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US">0&#46;6</span>立方英尺</st1:chmetcnv>的空气交换速率提供新鲜空气。该空气交换速率可通过每<span lang="EN-US">46O</span>平方米鸡舍面积配备一台<span lang="EN-US">10</span>，<st1:chmetcnv unitname="立方英尺" sourcevalue="0" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US">000</span>立方英尺</st1:chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">/</span>分钟的风机获得，风机由<span lang="EN-US">5</span>－<span lang="EN-US">10</span>分钟为一周期且配有应急恒温装置的计时器来控制。鸡舍内保持<span lang="EN-US">0&#46;05</span>－<span lang="EN-US">0&#46;10</span>帕的静压，会使进入舍内的空气速度适宜，使空气混合恰到好处。<span lang="EN-US">
·</span>当采用负压通风系统时，空气由鸡舍周围侧墙上方进风口进入鸡舍。当进风口的尺寸与风机的排风量相匹配时，可获得适宜的静压。一个<st1:chmetcnv unitname="英寸" sourcevalue="36" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US">36</span>英寸</st1:chmetcnv>的风机大约需<span lang="EN-US">1</span>．<st1:chmetcnv unitname="平方米" sourcevalue="4" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US">4</span>平方米</st1:chmetcnv>的空气入口。</p><p><span style="font-family:黑体">自然通风</span><span lang="EN-US">
·</span>当舍外温度处于理想状态时，就应打开窗户进行自然通风。<span lang="EN-US">
·</span>鸡舍应呈东西走向，以减轻阳光照射产生的热量。这一点很重要。<span lang="EN-US">
·</span>鸡舍进风从外向内应斜向上进风，这样可限制风和贼风直接吹向鸡只。<span lang="EN-US">
·</span>应尽量打开鸡舍两侧窗户，促成横向通风。如果是微风或风向发生着转变，应以打开鸡舍侧墙相同方向的窗户。如果风向始终以一个方向吹向鸡舍，则此方向的窗户必须比下风向一侧的窗户开启的要小，以避免贼风。<span lang="EN-US">
·</span>可采取以下一些步骤来减轻暑热天对鸡只的影响。<span lang="EN-US">
—</span>降低鸡群密度。<span lang="EN-US">
—</span>将鸡舍屋顶进行隔热或冷处理，以避免鸡只接受过多的阳光照射产生的热量。<span lang="EN-US">
—</span>增加舍内排风扇的数量和规格。风扇运转时，其风力影响面积宽大于其直径<span lang="EN-US">3</span>倍；长大于其直径<span lang="EN-US">10</span>倍。<span lang="EN-US">
—</span>安装风扇要顾全大局，要将舍内热气排出，为鸡群提供一个具有良好空气流动的环境。<span lang="EN-US">
—</span>采用水帘降温的纵向通风系统。<span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:黑体">纵向通风</span><span lang="EN-US">
·</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">夏天常采用纵向通风系统。纵向通风是利用鸡舍一端的排风扇和与其相对一侧的入风口，空气在鸡舍内纵向流动，排出热量、污染物，并通过</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">风冷效应</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">使鸡只降温。</span><span lang="EN-US">
·</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">在夏季，使用纵向通风的同时，采用喷雾降温或水帘冷却系统，会使鸡只保持舒适。</span><span lang="EN-US">
·</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">纵向通风鸡舍的目的在于：通过以</span><st1:chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="122" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US">122</span><span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">米</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">／分钟的速度将鸡群周围的热空气排出，使舍内温度低于</span><span lang="EN-US">3O℃</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">。这种空气运动会对鸡只提供一个风冷效应，大约降低</span><span lang="EN-US">5</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">－</span><st1:chmetcnv unitname="℃" sourcevalue="7" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US">7℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">。</span><span lang="EN-US">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12&#46;0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:黑体"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>

bylanmao

<>文章看不到。。。</P>