肉鸡养殖技术（4）——进雏鸡和育雏期

sipuruisy

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:168&#46;0pt;mso-char-indent-count:14&#46;0"><span style="font-size:12&#46;0pt;font-family:黑体">目的：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12&#46;0pt">
</span><span style="font-size:12&#46;0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">提供最佳条件，确保鸡只健康。</span> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span style="font-family:黑体">入雏准备程序</span><span lang="EN-US">
·</span>雏鸡到场前安装并检查所有设备，确保其正常运转。<span lang="EN-US">
·</span>正确计算入场雏鸡数，并提供与之对应所需的设备数量。<span lang="EN-US">
·</span>使用常规保温伞，应设置<st1:chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="&#46;5" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US">0&#46;5</span>米</st1:chmetcnv>高。直径<span lang="EN-US">3—<st1:chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="4" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on">4<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">米</span></span></st1:chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">的育雏围栏，使用红外线保温伞时，育雏围栏直径可达到5</span></span>－<st1:chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="6" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US">6</span>米</st1:chmetcnv>。育雏围栏应用硬纸板或金属材料制成，要坚固耐劳，可有效地防止贼风。<span lang="EN-US">
·</span>尽早提前预热鸡舍以使垫料温度达到<span lang="EN-US"> 29</span>－<st1:chmetcnv unitname="℃" sourcevalue="31" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US">31℃</span></st1:chmetcnv>。在此建议冬季提前<span lang="EN-US">48</span>小时开启保温伞或生火加温；夏季则提前<span lang="EN-US">24</span>小时。<span lang="EN-US">
·</span>雏鸡到场前数小时应将雏鸡饮水器注满水，以便在雏鸡到场时饮水温度达到<st1:chmetcnv unitname="℃" sourcevalue="25" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US">25℃</span></st1:chmetcnv>左右。<span lang="EN-US">
·</span>尽快将雏鸡小心地移出运雏车，并按正确的盒数将雏鸡放置于围栏周围。<span lang="EN-US">
·</span>将雏鸡放置于保温伞下或火炕上，并将空盒摆放在易于搬出且销毁的地方。<span lang="EN-US">
·</span>无论何时，都应在供料前让雏鸡饮水<span lang="EN-US">1—2</span>小时。这样会减轻雏鸡脱水并有助于雏鸡吃料后能快速吸收营养成分。</p><p><span lang="EN-US">·</span>育雏第一周舍内保持<span lang="EN-US">60</span>％～<span lang="EN-US">65</span>％的稍高湿度。因此时雏体含水量大，舍内温度高，湿度过低容易造成雏鸡脱水，影响鸡的健康和生长。（二周以后体重增大，呼吸量增加，应保持舍内干燥，注意通风，避免饮水器漏水，防止垫料潮湿。尽量避免高温高湿和低温高湿的恶劣环境出现。）<span lang="EN-US">
·</span>前<span lang="EN-US">10</span>天，每<span lang="EN-US">100</span>只鸡提供<span lang="EN-US">1</span>个饲喂盘。<span lang="EN-US">
·</span>饲养人员应有<span lang="EN-US">1</span>－<span lang="EN-US">2</span>小时不进入鸡舍打搅鸡群，以使雏鸡熟悉新的环境并适应新的舍内设施。

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:132&#46;5pt;mso-char-indent-count:11&#46;0"><strong><span style="font-size:12&#46;0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">育雏期</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12&#46;0pt">

</span><span style="font-size:12&#46;0pt;font-family:黑体">目的：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12&#46;0pt">
</span><span style="font-size:12&#46;0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">为雏鸡供暖、通风，使其能采食饮水，最大限度地使其生长发育。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12&#46;0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span style="font-family:黑体">理想的育雏条件</span><span lang="EN-US">
·</span>一日龄时，雏鸡需要育雏伞下方（或火炕上、火龙附近）温度为<span lang="EN-US">32</span>－<st1:chmetcnv unitname="℃" sourcevalue="35" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US">35℃</span></st1:chmetcnv>，舍内温度为<span lang="EN-US">26</span>－<st1:chmetcnv unitname="℃" sourcevalue="27" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US">27℃</span></st1:chmetcnv>。</p><p><span lang="EN-US">·</span>育雏温度应保持平稳，并随雏龄增长适时降温。这一点是非常重要的，但又往往被人们所忽视。育雏人员每天必须认真检查和记录温度变化，细致观察鸡的行为，根据季节和雏鸡表现灵活掌握，如雏鸡感到舒适，采食、活动和睡眠正常，在鸡舍内呈“满天星”状态分布均匀，就是温度适宜的表现。<span lang="EN-US">
·</span>常规育雏伞最多供<span lang="EN-US">500</span>只雏鸡使用；红外线（燃气）育雏伞最多供<span lang="EN-US">1</span>，<span lang="EN-US">000</span>只雏鸡使用。在此不建议鸡舍使用中央供暖系统，集中供暖系统不但不能使垫料加温变暖，而且会使舍内温度不均匀，易使雏鸡脱水。<span lang="EN-US">
·</span>育雏伞温度每<span lang="EN-US">4</span>天大约可降低<st1:chmetcnv tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="2" unitname="℃" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US">2℃</span></st1:chmetcnv>。<span lang="EN-US">
·</span>鸡只<span lang="EN-US">21</span>－<span lang="EN-US">28</span>天时应分散至整个鸡舍此时保持舍内鸡只理想的温度十分重要。<span lang="EN-US">

</span><span style="font-family:仿宋_GB2312">冷应激雏鸡的表现症状</span><span lang="EN-US">

·</span>在最初几日内雏鸡受凉会表现为死亡率增加、应激、脱水、生长速度缓慢。均匀度差以及腹水症发生率较高。<span lang="EN-US">
·</span>雏鸡会在育雏伞下或在地面或网上扎堆。若育雏温度很低，鸡雏会沿鸡舍边缘扎堆或拥挤在鸡舍支柱周围。雏鸡也会钻缩在喂料器或饲喂盘内。<span lang="EN-US">
·</span>肠道和盲肠内充满水质和气体。粪便发湿，出现糊肛现象。<span lang="EN-US">

</span><span style="font-family:仿宋_GB2312">热应激雏鸡的表现症状</span><span lang="EN-US">

·</span>鸡只伏卧，将头和脖子探出伏于地面并伴有急促喘气。<span lang="EN-US">
·</span>鸡只寻找鸡舍内较凉爽且干燥的区域，尤其在沿墙边处。<span lang="EN-US">
·</span>采食量减少，导致生长及均匀度较差。<span lang="EN-US">
·</span>在一些情况下，由于心血管系统衰竭（猝死症）而导致高死亡率。<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:黑体"><o:p></o:p></span></p><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>

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