技术指导 发表于 2011-7-9 19:07:54

蛋鸡开产前后饲养管理要点

<P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; FONT-SIZE: 24pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">蛋鸡开产前后饲养管理要点</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体" lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P><P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P style="TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 84pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 84&#46;0pt" class=MsoNormal><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">一、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">   </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">开产前母鸡的主要变化</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P><P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">转群对鸡只是很大的应激,有些鸡经转群精神紧张和体重下降,通常需经几天才能恢复。因此,应力求使转群的应激减少到最小程度,同时必须在合适时期</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">---</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">合适周龄时进行。减少转群应激的具体方法与措施已有阐述。此处仅补充与营养有关的、在产蛋前小母鸡机体所发生的主要变化。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在产蛋前期,母鸡体重要增加</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">400</FONT><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="True" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="500" UnitName="克"><FONT face="Times New Roman">-500</FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'" lang=EN-US><SPAN lang=EN-US>克</SPAN></SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'" lang=EN-US>,骨骼增重</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">15</FONT><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="True" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="20" UnitName="克"><FONT face="Times New Roman">-20</FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'" lang=EN-US><SPAN lang=EN-US>克</SPAN></SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'" lang=EN-US>,其中</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="True" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="5" UnitName="克"><FONT face="Times New Roman">-5</FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'" lang=EN-US><SPAN lang=EN-US>克</SPAN></SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'" lang=EN-US>为钙的贮备。大约从</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">16</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">周龄起小母鸡逐渐开始性成熟,此时成熟卵泡不断释放出雌激素,而雌激素与雄激素的协调作用诱发了髓骨在骨腔中的形成。髓骨乃是雌禽性成熟时特有的骨骼,公鸡与尚未性成熟的小母鸡均无髓骨。性成熟时小母鸡大约在产第一枚蛋的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">天前开始沉积髓骨,髓骨从致密骨的内膜表面生长,这是一些很细小的骨针,交错地充满于骨腔之中。股骨、胫骨、跖骨、龙骨、肋骨、尺骨以及肩胛骨均为髓骨。髓骨约占性成熟小母鸡全部骨骼重量的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">72%</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。髓骨的生理功能是作为一种容易抽调的钙源,供母鸡产蛋时利用。蛋壳形成时约有</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1/4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的钙来自髓骨,其它</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3/4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">来自饲粮。此外,产蛋前期小母鸡的卵巢和输卵管也开始发育。小母鸡从开产至产蛋高峰阶段受到巨大的应激,应该说,这种应激是早在开产前几周从输卵管开始发育、肝脏增大和髓骨形成时就已开始。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P style="TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 84pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 84&#46;0pt" class=MsoNormal><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-width: 150%" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">二、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-width: 150%">自由采食</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-font-width: 150%" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P><P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">现代蛋鸡对产蛋的营养需要极高。一只新母鸡在第一个产蛋年中所产蛋的总重量为其自身重的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">8-10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">倍,而其自身体重还要增长</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">25%</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。为此,它必须采食约为其体重</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">20</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">倍的饲料。小母鸡在开产前一个月内每天的采食量相当恒定,约耗料</SPAN><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="75" UnitName="克"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">75</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">克</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">/</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">只。直到开产前</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">天左右,采食量约减少</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">20%</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,保持此低采食水平到开始产蛋。然后,在开产的头</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">天里,采食量迅速增加;以后是中等程度的增加,直到</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">周以后;此后,采食量的增加就极缓慢了。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">根据上述采食量变化的特点,在鸡群开始产蛋之时起,应让母鸡自由采食,并一直实行到产蛋高峰和高峰过后的两周为止。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P style="TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 84pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 84&#46;0pt" class=MsoNormal><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">三、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">            </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 22pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">体重标准</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P><P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">育成期体重的定期称测并与鸡种体重标准相对照,这是经常性的重要工作。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">18</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">周龄时如果达不到体重标准,对原为限制饲养的应转为自由采食;原为自由采食的应加强营养</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">---</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">提高饲粮中蛋白质和代谢能的水平。同时,原定</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">18</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">周龄开始增加光照时间的,可推迟到</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">19</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">周或</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">20</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">周龄时再增加,以使鸡群开产时的体重尽可能达到体重标准。实践证明,鸡群开产时如能普遍达到体重标准,生长发育比较一致(即达到了开产体重的适宜化和整齐化),开产的个体比例比较集中和整齐(即达到了开产的适时化和同期化),就能按期达到产蛋高峰和全期产蛋量高。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P style="TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 84pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 84&#46;0pt" class=MsoNormal><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-width: 150%" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">四、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">    </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 22pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-width: 150%">光照</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-font-width: 150%" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P><P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">产蛋期光照原则是只能延长不能减少。延长光照时间应根据</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">18</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">或</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">20</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">周龄时抽测的体重而定,如果鸡群体重达到标准,则应在</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">18</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">或</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">20</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">周龄起每周延长光照</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">小时,直至增加到</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">14-16</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">小时时恒定不变。如果在</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">20</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">周龄仍达不到标准体重,可将补充光照时间往后推迟一周,即在</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">21</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">周龄时开始进行。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P style="TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 84pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 84&#46;0pt" class=MsoNormal><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-width: 150%" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">五、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">    </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 22pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-width: 150%">改换饲粮</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-font-width: 150%" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P><P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">指由生长饲粮改换为产蛋饲粮。开产前增加光照时间要与改换饲粮相配合,如只增加光照,不改变饲粮,易造成生殖系统与整个体躯发育的不协调。如只改换饲粮不增加光照时间,又会使鸡体积聚脂肪,故一般在增加光照一周后后改换饲粮。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">               </SPAN><o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P><P style="TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 84pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 84&#46;0pt" class=MsoNormal><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-width: 150%" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">六、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">    </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 22pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-width: 150%">补钙</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-font-width: 150%" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P><P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">产蛋鸡对钙的需要量比生长鸡高</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3-4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">倍。产蛋鸡饲粮含量一般为</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3%-3&#46;5%</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,不超过</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">4%</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。而生长期饲粮含钙量一般为</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">0&#46;6%-0&#46;9%</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,不超过</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1%</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。这里注意的是,如对产蛋鸡喂钙过多,不但抑制食欲,也会影响磷、铁、铜、钴、镁、锌等矿物质的吸收。同时,还不能过早补钙,补早了反而不利于钙质在母鸡骨骼中的沉积。这是因为在生长后期如饲料中含钙量少时,小母鸡体内保留(骨骼中沉积)钙的能力就较高,此时需要的钙</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">量正好也不多。当开始产蛋并喂给高钙产蛋饲粮时,新母鸡就能对钙保持高度的利用率;而过早在生长期间就喂给高钙饲粮,其对钙的利用率会降低。在实践中可采用的补钙方法是:当鸡群中“见第一枚蛋”时,或开产前两周(约</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">18</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">周龄)时,为照顾部分已经开产的鸡,在饲粮中加一些贝壳或碳酸钙碎片或颗粒,也可另放一些矿物质于料槽中,任开产的鸡自由采食,直到鸡群产蛋率达</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">5%</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">时,再将生长饲粮改换为产蛋饲粮。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;0pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>

风雨人生 发表于 2011-7-9 19:45:08

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