鸡免疫接种时应做到十注意
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">鸡用疫苗又叫抗原，是生物制品类。可分为毒苗、中毒苗、强毒苗。在制作方法上又分为冻干苗和湿苗，在保存方法上也不一样，冻干疫苗要保存在冷冻的速冻的冰柜里，湿苗又称液体疫苗，要保存在</SPAN><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="℃" SourceValue="0" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">0</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">℃</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">~</FONT><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="℃" SourceValue="8" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN lang=EN-US>℃</SPAN></SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的冷藏箱里，由于农村的冷冻设备不完全，多数养鸡户并不富裕，也没有冰箱，因此，一定要现拿现用，特别是夏季，往家拿疫苗时一定要加冰块降温，并且最好在饮疫苗中加上冰水饮用，还要避免阳光直射，才能保证效果。</SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">购买疫苗时要先看好名称、批准文号、生产日期、包装剂量、生产场址等要符合《兽药标签和说明书管理办法》的规定，要用近期生产的新鲜疫苗，不要使用陈旧或过期疫苗或上批鸡未用完的疫苗，特别是自己没有冰箱，疫苗药放在亲戚或邻居家的冰箱里，又与冰冻的鱼肉放在一起，不如放在专业的供应商的冰柜里保险。因农村的电时常停，反复冻融会破坏疫苗的质量。</SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">要准确计算疫亩使用量，饮水量要加大，滴眼滴鼻的量要比饮水量小，并要严格按要求使用稀释液，如生理盐水、凉开水、井水或配备的专用红色的（马立克）、兰色的（传支）稀释液，稀释浓度要根据饮水量多少，饮水时间的长短，计算达到所需要的剂量要求。一般在饮疫苗前要控水，夏季</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">小时，冬季</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">小时，让鸡有渴欲感喝得快。</SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">4.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">要注意稀释的方法；冻干苗的瓶盖是高压盖子，稀释的方法是应先用注射器将五毫升稀释液缓缓注入瓶内，待瓶内疫苗溶解后再打开瓶塞倒入水中，这就避免真空的冻干苗瓶盖突然打开，瓶内压力会突然增大，使部分病毒受到冲击而灭活。</SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">5.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">要提高免疫效果，就应延长疫苗（病毒）的活力，也称灭活半衰期。可加入免疫增强剂，饮水免疫时可在每千克饮水中加入</SPAN><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="g" SourceValue="2.4" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2.4g</FONT></SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">脱脂奶粉，脱脂奶粉的主要成分是蛋白质和糖类，其中蛋白质的直径在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1~2nm</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">之间，其水溶液是胶体溶液，病毒的直径一般在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">20~30nm</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">之间，蛋白质分子比病毒小，所以病毒粒子处于蛋白质分子的包围之中，可阻止病毒粒子的聚合。有利于吸收和转化。没有奶粉时，可用速补</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">20</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、速补</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">18</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、速补</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">14</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">或白糖代替。不可用电解多维，因电解多维可分解、电离水溶液，凝固蛋白，破坏疫苗的效价。要注意，不要在疫苗稀释中添加抗菌素和电解多维。抗菌素能杀菌或抑菌，对病毒无效，在稀释液中加入抗菌素后，可以防止接种过程中由于消毒不严而感染细菌病，但这种做法，是不完全妥当的，因为有些抗菌素能改变稀释液的渗透压，或</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">PH</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">值，特别是电解多维，能加快疫苗、病毒的灭活，从而降低疫苗效价。</SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">6.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">严格控制用量。注射油苗时，要严格控制注射的定量，注射疫苗量宁可大出也不可小，量大会使鸡体免疫加剧，量小则不能引起免疫。</SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">7.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">切实把握疫苗使用的间隔。饮用疫苗时，饮水时间不应小于一小时，也不应超过两小时，夏季高温季节饮水时，水中可加入适量冰块，饮用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">／</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">疫苗停半小时后饮用剩余</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">／</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">疫苗。</SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">8.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">尽量减少应激。接种捉鸡时，晚上将鸡舍的灯泡换成兰色，由于鸡对兰色光失盲，人可看到鸡，但鸡看不到人，不会惊群。</SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">9.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">接种期间，加强饲养管理，保持舍内空气新鲜，不要有贼风和氨气。水中适量添加电解质和维生素，尤其是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Va</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Vb</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Vc</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">10.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不应盲目增加免疫次数。有些养殖户对鸡的疫病产生恐慌心理，尤其是新城疫，每隔几天就接种一次疫苗，同时死苗活苗都用，扰乱了鸡体的免疫机理和免疫应答，这样接种往往非但使鸡群得不到有效的保护，反而会导致疫病的发生和流行。</SPAN></P> 楼主说得很好。 说的太好了。 值得学习，谢谢楼主
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